Nepal essay (8): Shah dynasty destruction of enlightenment

The essays of Nepal:

Shah dynasty destruction of enlightenment

In June 2001, the morning of the first day, I like the usual turn on the TV while eating breakfast while watching the morning news, a message from Nepal, I wondered: evening of Kathmandu city Narayan Lichti Palace (the Narayanhity Royal Palace) has undergone a big case, than the Lande la King (King Birendra) family and numerous members of the Royal family were shot and killed.

(King Birendra family)

Next events in Nepal is facing, the military was initially announced: the late Queen Aishwarya (Queen Aishwarya) and Crown Prince Dipendra (Crown Prince Dipendra) in select Princess issues appeared disputes, Crown Prince rage shot a hole in the family, and then commit suicide, but was rushed to hospital where a doctor Prince by Wang Shu-Gyanendra (Prince Gyanendra) served as Regent, Agent King.

Evening, all the bodies of members of the Royal family were killed without forensic autopsy, is immediately sent to Kathmandu suburb paspa mention Temple (Pashupatinath Temple) cremation, did not hold any State funeral ceremony.

Subsequently, the Regency King Gyanendra's issued a statement claiming that King Gyanendra than Lande and seven other members of the Royal family were killed because of the firearms accidents caused by the fire.

He said: "we received news that they are the result of automatic weapons fire accidents and injuries, and after his death in hospital. "There's an uproar, virtually all newspapers and periodicals are condemning his arguments are absurd and illogical. People being took to the streets in protest, surrounded by the Royal Palace and the Prime Minister, asked the Government to search for the truth, the Interior Ministry announced in Kathmandu and the nearby Le Lalitpur and Bhaktapur implementation of martial law, time and a half from 3 p.m. to 5: 00 in the morning the next day, the military police ordered to conflict with martial law, mob shoot to resist arrest.

According to press reports, on the evening of the incident India Gyanendra Prince is not paid in accordance with established practice at the Royal dinner every Friday, but accidentally to the southern city of Nepal Pokhara self-cultivation, Gyanendra son Parras Prince (Prince Paras) in the event of the shooting of a few minutes before you happen to leave the Ballroom, Lande la family was killed, and commit all Gyanendra's wife is only slightly affected by a point fingers, this is a coincidence? otherwise reports reveal that the Crown Prince Dipendra was rushed to hospital, witnesses saw the Prince was shot in the back, a suicide victim how might hit your back? "and, on the evening of the incident was found in Kathmandu airport was closed, the Royal Palace and outside telephone contact is also completely severed.

In the capital, Kathmandu, the vast majority of people think that the Prince was not the real murderer, he is innocent, the media generally suspected Prince Gyanendra and son Parras is the mastermind of this event.

(King Gyanendra Coronation)

Two days after the official announcement Crown Prince Dipendra dead death by Regent Gyanendra successor King.

4 June 2001, in the outside world a question and public outcry, Gyanendra in Kathmandu's old Royal Palace (du bus Plaza) held a Grand coronation ceremony that officially reached the top of the throne. The new King of the elephants from the old Royal Palace ride back to Narayan Lichti Palace (the Narayanhity Royal Palace), a large number of military readiness, no applause for the people. The Royal Palace, the outbreak of mass protests, angry crowd tried to burst into the Royal Coronation have blocked the protesters by police shot dead.

(Gyanendra ride like walking through deserted streets)

Royal Diexue case happened in Nepal outbreak of social transformation of critical moment, Nepal is the world's few most poor countries, per capita income of only less than US $ 210.

Into the ' 90s, Nepal economic development has been unsatisfactory, gross national product (GNP) of stagnancy and some year falling instead of rising, agriculture more worrying. In May 1999, the Congress Party wins election in Nepal to Bata Rai as Prime Minister of the new Council has developed a series of overcoming poverty development economic policies and measures, but due to the domestic political instability, the parties fought had pulled out, little effect. Together with Nepal in corruption at all levels of Government, the incumbent Prime Minister Koirala was also involved in the investigation of corruption scandals facing together, but also continuously in the territory of violence.

Than Lande la King (King Birendra) 1945-December 28, born in Kathmandu, India accept 8 years basic education, 1959 to 1964, in the United Kingdom after college study abroad, Eaton had to attend a short course of Tokyo, to Harvard University to study for one year, of political theory, is Nepal's first formal education of the monarchy.

In the late 1980s, the movement for democracy in China and Eastern Europe, under the influence of the democratic movement, Nepal democratic movements, the outbreak of a large-scale movement of people, "and there take to the streets to demand the end of the dictatorship of the King, elected directly by the people, the Parliament and Government in Nepal Congress Party, Communist party alliances, intermediate and leftist political party leadership under the pressure of mass demonstrations, King Gyanendra than Lande wishes, in 1990, promulgated a new Constitution, the British monarchy, the devolution of authority to multi-party Parliament, thus winning the people's affection.

King Gyanendra than Lande on national decentralization still has a considerable impact, according to the new Constitution, when Congress the party close situation, he has the right to appoint the Prime Minister, the Government may be inferior to his support.

The new Constitution of the Decade, the ruling and opposition parties quarrelled, his ruling Congress Party and the opposition between the Communist Party of the mediator role, has always adhered to its part, maintains just established democracies, not ultra vires in politics, but spends most of his spare time for painting and horse riding.

Since 1996, the Communist Party of Nepal political views would be incompatible with the

League of internal divisions, one of the radical Department of Marxism-Leninism (Maoist) launched the "people's war", called on people to rise up against the landlord, the eradication of corruption, the status of many dissatisfied with poor rural youth champion, at first only a few hundred members, the rapid development of large, become a team with tens of thousands of guerrillas of the powerful military force, several years of civil war caused heavy casualties. Council's continuing instability, Royal forces began to rise within the tougher than Lande King Gyanendra faced pressure from Royal inside, but inside the Royal power of reclaim, King always refused.

1987: April 14, Prince Dipendra has over 15 years of age, was the Emperor declared a throne, 1990 to January 3, Crown Prince Dipendra has just inherited the adult will section of my father.

It is in this year, Nepal broke out massive movement of the "people", the King was forced to pull than Lande agreed to implement the constitutional multi-party parliamentary system, the King's power is cut, "people's movement" led to the situation in Nepal political unrest, Crown Prince Dipendra sideway for the Royal family are unwilling to believe that this is the fault of democratic politics, urges the King was restored monarchy, but suffered a father's veto.

Queen Aishwarya contrast Lande King Gyanendra has done is extremely dissatisfied with aishwarya from powerful Rana family (the family had control of Nepal's political arena for over 100 years, and the Royal family of the Shah expelled to India refuge), and King Gyanendra than Lande indecision sexy exactly the opposite, Aishwarya Queen style a previous intervention, and like the appointments are to receive the Queen's permission, is actually a Shah dynasty real rulers, sources said the two sides have been confirmed, the King and the Queen's guards bodyguards had happened in the conflict.

King Gyanendra than Lande two brother Gyanendra Prince, is a bit ambitious, attached to the old autocracy, ready to overthrow the current constitutional system.

November 1950, Nepal's political arena erupted, long dominated the Prime Minister post coup la family, off the then King di Maghreb where (King Tribhuvan), Prince Mahendra (Crown Prince Mahendra) and still pull than Lande (Prince Birendra), introducing the second still, only three years old little Prince Gyanendra (Prince Gyanendra) is King, not only for its held formal coronation ceremony, but also in the name of the new currency, and as a small King – 30 million rupees King budget. Unfortunately, the little King only had less than three months to step down, Rana family in India Government pressure to hand over power, apart from the King to return again where co-creation. The news means Palace tragedy in previous months, routine in the Royal family gatherings, Gyanendra Prince and King Gyanendra than Lande around recover Royal powers both the outbreak of the quarrel, in complete disagreement.

Gyanendra Prince son Parras is a member of the Royal family in a notorious diehards, conduct than cousin Crown Prince Dipendra more being spurned, he not only many drunken driving, and several police officers to stop checking for a fight, including direct drive impact police, as well as a pistol shot directly to the police.

In August 2000, Parras drunk directly killed Nepal's most famous singers Playa million-gulonic (Praveen Gurung), resulting in tens of thousands of young people surrounded the Palace, punish the perpetrators Parras, under pressure, the Government established a police investigation panel, but no below, finally a Nepal soldiers stand up and admit that he is a murderer. Parras insisted on the abolition of constitutional monarchy, the King appointed directly responsible for the Royal family, return to the previous King dictatorship regimes.

As most people expected, King Gyanendra took office at the beginning and began to look for every opportunity to restoration of the monarchy.

In July 2001, the Prime Minister Koirala because of suspected corruption scandals, coupled with the Royal family shooting, in opposition protests initiated under pressure to resign from the same from Congress leader deupa (Deuba) successor to the Prime Minister's Office. In May 2002, Gyanendra actively support deupa disbanded in 1999, elected by the Congress, but five months later to lead government negative as an excuse for ousted deupa duties of the Prime Minister, the first exercise of authority in the hands of the King, but was later forced to various pressure, had again appointed a multiparty negotiation of Cabinet.

(The President a cordial meeting with King Gyanendra)

King Gyanendra has constantly being India, the United States strongly criticized, in order to counteract the external pressure, his actively developing relations with China, in July 2002, Gyanendra visit to Beijing by President Jiang Zemin, Vice President Hu Jintao for the warm welcome, was affectionately known as "old friends" of the people of China, China's leaders, said: the Chinese people strongly support the Government of the Kingdom of Nepal, against outside interference, to collect national people go with the "Nepal characteristics", the Chinese Government was supported by King Gyanendra of few countries to one of the Government.

From 2002 to 2005, Gyanendra has to appoint, dismiss and three Prime Minister.

February 1, 2005, King Gyanendra to "fight against the Communist guerrillas ineffective" as an excuse again unlock deupa's Prime Minister, later to 27 April in Kathmandu by the police in the shelter of the arrest, the accused's on charges of embezzling "Prime Minister's Relief Fund" as Desai section expenditure requirements for the acceptance of the Royal Commission on investigation of corruption. Finally, deupa Prime Minister was sentenced to two years in prison.

This time, Gyanendra completely recover the democratically elected Government of all powers, dismantling of the Government and Parliament, the appointment of one own a direct control of the Cabinet, he claims that "a multi-party parliamentary democracy" does not meet the conditions in Nepal, deupa weak Government, neither coordination arrangements for parliamentary elections, the opposition is not firmly suppressed anti-government guerrillas separatist rebellion in the grams of difficulties, tough, he must be obligatory to shoulder the collar

Importing countries to restore peace and order, and calls upon all the people most closely United to him, led by the Crown, resolutely fight against all the reactionary forces of secession. He said: I believe in the new Kingdom, under the leadership of the Government's firm for a period of three years will be able to recover in Nepal "peace and effective democracy." Subsequently, Gyanendra Kingdom Government promulgated a series of decrees, under the guise of a threat to social stability and unity, to limit citizens published criticism of Government and leaders expression of powers to require publication must first go through the Government review, including criticism of government policies, calls for multi-party parliamentary democracy, the Government and official corruption, abuse of power, etc, all for the crime of sedition, subversion, the Government arrested bring riot period shall have the right to residence, arrest, detention of any harm to society. Gyanendra pointed out that, when the conflict between democracy and development, it is necessary to restore peace in one step.

In April 2006, the parties together in Kathmandu strike against dictatorship, Gyanendra Government issued curfew order to bullets and tear gas return demonstrators.

In India and the United States under the pressure of the sanctions, April 21, Gyanendra was forced to compromise, announced the plan to the Government the power to pick out by the parties of the Cabinet, the parties, and no longer unanimously rejected the proposal, the King called for the establishment of the constituent National Assembly, by a legislature decided the King in the future status of the country. 24 April, King published national television, announced that he had previously been restored the abolition of the elected Parliament.

2006 June 10, Congress adopted a resolution on denial of the King most powers, including the power to veto Act, and all executive powers to the Parliament elected Prime Minister, the King became a nominal head of State.

In March 2007, originally supported monarchy of Prime Minister Koirala, publicly declared Gyanendra should step down. August 23, transitional Government declared Gyanendra inheritance than Lande la King of all the property, including Narayan Lichti Palace (the Narayanhity Royal Palace) nationalization. Gyanendra met with Japan newspaper reporters to refute that: "this decision does not represent the mainstream public opinion, this is not democracy," he believes the State law and order is deteriorating, and questioned the transitional government management capacity.

(Has become utterly isolated of Gyanendra)

Subsequently, King Gyanendra to Kathmandu suburb paspa mention that temple (Pashupatinath Temple), the Hindu God Shiva Festival celebrations, escort convoys were the people throwing stones along the way.

When Gyanendra entered the temple, there are a large number of people protest against the Government of the Kingdom and insulting the King. When he came out from the East end of prayer is ready to ride the storm rocks again. In order to protect the safety of Gyanendra, a large number of military police to guard, because police long blockade Temple entrance, so many in the temples, queued waiting to enter the temple worship of believers also lose patience, joined the protest.

7 July 2007, the Royal Grand King 60 birthday dinner, all government officials have refused to attend, the EU and other Western countries ambassadors also agreed to boycott this activity, Nepal Shah dynasty gradually toward the finish line.

December 24, 2007, the interim Parliament declared that, according to the parties and the rebel's joint Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) guerrilla group reached a peace agreement, Nepal King system will be the end of 2008, Nepal toward Republican.

2008-may 27, provisional Congress decision ordering Gyanendra 15 days removed from Narayan Lichti Palace (the Narayanhity Royal Palace) and decided to convene the second day of the constituent National Assembly.

May 28, the constituent Assembly overwhelmingly (560 votes to four votes) voted for Republican, declared Nepal total abolition of the monarchy. 11 June, Gyanendra moved from Narayan Lichti Palace, and produce its own embedded diamonds and gemstones, such as the Royal Crown and scepter, he sadly property gone, Narayan Lichti Palace immediately became a national museum open to the public.

(More photos, see my blog: http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6393a0af0100hod9.html)